Good Cultural Practices That Will
Suppress Anthracnose Diseases
Fungicide Reliance To Control
Anthracnose Can Be Reduced
Through Routine Practices
2014
Dr Bruce B Clarke
T⁄R Magazine
Selected And Adapted Excerpts
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Dr Bruce B Clarke
Doctorate-Level & Leading Scientific Expert on Turfgrass Management
Director of the Center for Turfgrass Science, Extension Specialist, & Professor at Professional Golf Turf Management School
Department of Plant Biology And Pathology, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Foran Hall / Cook Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Background Information
Anthracnose Diseases
Annual Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass, located on golf course putting greens, tees, and fairways, are attacked by Anthracnose Diseases.
The severity of Anthracnose is GREATEST when turf is subject to heavy traffic, poor soil drainage, short mowing height, and soil compaction.
Anthracnose will usually appear after turf has been subject to excessive rainfall or over-irrigation.
There are two phases of Anthracnose Disease that occur in a wide range of temperature conditions ―
• Anthracnose Leaf ( Foliar ) Blight, which occurs primarily during the hot and dry summer months of June, July, and August, but may also develop in May and September.
• Anthracnose Basal Rot or Crown Rot, which is found mostly during cool and moist conditions.
Anthracnose Leaf Blight is ESPECIALLY DAMAGING TO THE LEAVES, but it may also be injurious to the ROOTS and CROWNS.
During the summer months, turf may be completely burned by Anthracnose Leaf Blight within forty-eight hours after the beginning of conditions favorable to disease development.
Anthracnose Basal Rot can develop throughout the entire season on Annual Bluegrass, but tends to only affect Creeping Bentgrass beginning in early summer.
Anthracnose Basal Rot will be most injurious to CROWNS, STEM BASES, and STOLONS of turf growing on putting greens.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Good Cultural And Best Management Practices – Part 1
Dr Bruce B Clarke has frequently spoken about GOOD CULTURAL AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES for the purposes of REDUCING FUNGICIDES used for CONTROLLING Anthracnose Diseases.
Up until about 12 years ago, little was known about the control of Anthracnose Diseases on golf course turf.
Since 2002, extensive research on Anthracnose Diseases has been conducted at Rutgers University in New Jersey as well as at 11 other institutions, including the University of Guelph.
Dr Clarke said so much more information about the control of Anthracnose Diseases has come about recently.
Dr Clarke tells Golf Superintendents that little tweaks in their BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES can pay big dividends in the improved vigor, quality and performance of their turf, as well as helping to reduce their reliance on fungicides.
Dr Clarke has said that BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, such as fertilization, mowing, irrigation, core cultivation, and TOPDRESSING, REDUCE STRESS-RELATED DISEASES such as Anthracnose and Dollar Spot.
According to Dr Clarke ―
You should be able to SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE your fungicides either by reducing the rates or extending the intervals between applications.
It is Anthracnose Basal Rot which presents the major problem, and not so much Anthracnose Leaf Blight.
Once it gets into the plant’s vascular tissue, Anthracnose becomes A DISEASE THAT IS DIFFICULT TO CONTROL.
The phases of Anthracnose Disease MUST BE MANAGED FROM THE ROOTS in addition to taking it on through GOOD CULTURAL AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Mowing Practices
Before the Rutgers-led study was initiated, it was already known that LOWERING MOWING HEIGHTS enhanced Anthracnose.
The problem, however, is that by RAISING MOWING HEIGHTS, playability and ball speed are likely to be compromised.
LOWER MOWING HEIGHTS CAN STRESS TURF, especially during times of heat and drought stress, and that is when the vast majority of problems occur with Anthracnose.
Dr Clarke said RAISING THE MOWING HEIGHT, even slightly, can be rewarding in terms of taking the stress off the grass and dramatically reducing Anthracnose.
According to Dr Clarke ―
You CANNOT CONTROL this disease simply by RAISING THE HEIGHT OF CUT, but you can REDUCE THE SEVERITY [ of Anthracnose ] and make it easier for the fungicides to work.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Conditions That Inflict Stress And Wounds
To MAINTAIN GOLF BALL ROLL SPEED [ on putting greens ], research has looked at such practices as ROLLING and INCREASING THE FREQUENCY OF MOWING ( i.e. SINGLE-CUTTING and DOUBLE-CUTTING ).
A two-year study was conducted to compare SINGLE-CUTTING with DOUBLE-CUTTING for Anthracnose severity.
According to Dr Clarke ―
When we first started this work, everybody thought that Anthracnose was a STRESS-RELATED DISEASE and a WOUND-RELATED DISEASE [ ?!?! ] , and that is 50 per cent right.
Dr Clarke has said that Anthracnose is certainly A STRESS-RELATED DISEASE, noting that anything done to weaken putting greens composed of Annual Bluegrass WILL ENHANCE Anthracnose.
HEAT STRESS, DROUGHT STRESS, and LOW FERTILITY, are among the things which will ENHANCE Anthracnose, but it DOES NOT need an open window to get in.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Wounding Caused By Mechanical Interventions
According to Dr Clarke ―
WOUNDING has VERY LITTLE TO DO with this disease [ Anthracnose ] , and that is an important discovery.
MECHANICAL INTERVENTIONS, such as DOUBLE CUTTING, ROLLING, SAND TOPDRESSING, and DRAGGING THE SAND IN, will WOUND the plant, but will NOT increase Anthracnose, research shows.
Dr Clarke has said that if a Golf Superintendent can manage his turf, and perhaps scuff it up a little bit, yet not affect Anthracnose, there is much he can do to improve the quality of his turf.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Single-Cutting Versus Double-Cutting
Studies show there was NO DIFFERENCE in Anthracnose severity between SINGLE-CUTTING and DOUBLE-CUTTING MOWING PRACTICES.
According to Dr Clarke ―
Even though you are DOUBLE-CUTTING and WOUNDING the plant twice as often, it is NOT ENHANCING ANTHRACNOSE.
That is important to know.
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Background Information
Golf Ball Roll Speed
In the Golf Industry, SUCCESSFULLY MANAGED putting greens are often associated with GOLF BALL SPEED while ROLLING across the surface.
GOLF BALL ROLL SPEED becomes INCREASED when MOWING HEIGHT IS LOWERED and when MOWING IS PERFORMED TWICE WITH EACH OPERATION ( DOUBLE-CUTTING ).
LOWER MOWING HEIGHTS will provide golfers with smoother and more uniform putting green surfaces.
However, LOWERING MOWING HEIGHTS to below the optimum height for a turfgrass species or variety can result in a loss of shoot density, root growth and production, decreased carbohydrate synthesis, and increased susceptibility to environmental and biotic stresses.
All of which contribute to reduced turfgrass wear tolerance and disease resistance.
FAST GOLF BALL ROLL SPEED alone, however, DOES NOT symbolize a good or healthy putting green.
The ULTIMATE FAST GOLF BALL ROLL SPEED would require a putting green to be as hard as a rock, smooth as glass, and devoid of any turfgrass vegetation.
Do golfers really want to play on this type of putting surface ?!?!
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Rolling ( Or Smoothing ) The Putting Surface
Dr Clarke has said that many Golf Superintendents are reluctant to ROLL their putting greens when Anthracnose Diseases are present. Recent studies, however, show that ROLLING every other day with either a clip-on unit, a vibratory roller or a sidewinder roller WILL NOT ENHANCE ANTHRACNOSE.
According to Dr Clarke ―
We’ve never seen an ENHANCEMENT in Anthracnose with ROLLING.
We have, under certain circumstances, seen a SLIGHT REDUCTION in Anthracnose [ because of ROLLING ].
Why would ROLLING [ or smoothing ] the putting surface actually REDUCE the incidence of Anthracnose ?!?!
ROLLING allows the cut height to be raised while still realizing good ball speed.
Because of the INCREASED MOWING HEIGHT, stress on the plant is reduced.
Studies on the effect of ROLLING on putting greens affected by Anthracnose were done with Stimpmeter readings between 9½ and 10½.
During periods of heat and drought stress, SLIGHTLY RAISING THE MOWING HEIGHT and introducing ROLLING can DRAMATICALLY REDUCE THE SEVERITY of Anthracnose.
According to Dr Clarke ―
We didn’t know that prior to this work.
A lot of people were really afraid to go out there and ROLL a green if they had a real severe Anthracnose problem.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Soluble Nitrogen Fertilization
GOOD NITROGEN FERTILITY is probably the MOST IMPORTANT PRACTICE that can be done for a putting surface in terms of Anthracnose.
Of all the studies that have been conducted in which various GOOD CULTURAL AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES have been utilized for Anthracnose control, NITROGEN is hands down the MOST IMPORTANT of the lot.
According to Dr Clarke ―
You can reduce Anthracnose probably 25 to 30 per cent without any fungicides just simply by MAINTAINING A GOOD FERTILITY PROGRAM, and in particular a GOOD NITROGEN PROGRAM.
Dr Clarke has said that when Anthracnose is present on putting greens and tees, INCREASED SOLUBLE NITROGEN FERTILIZATION BY SPOON FEEDING can pay big dividends in REDUCING THE SEVERITY of Anthracnose Disease.
As much as 2⁄10 of a pound of NITROGEN per 1000 square feet every two weeks, or perhaps each week, when Anthracnose is present, can allow turfgrasses to RECUPERATE from Anthracnose and SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE ITS SEVERITY.
One must be careful not to apply too much fertilizer.
Studies showed that when amounts higher than 1⁄10 or 2⁄10 of a pound of SOLUBLE NITROGEN were applied every week, there can be a tipping point to where Anthracnose can become worse.
It is possible to add too much SOLUBLE NITROGEN, but it is good for most programs.
According to Dr Clarke ―
Increasing or SPOON-FEEDING to 1⁄10 or 2⁄10 when you have a problem can really help REDUCE THE SEVERITY [ of Anthracnose ].
What we’re trying to do is increase our SPOON-FEEDING to try to maximize the benefits of NITROGEN in IMPROVING PLANT HEALTH and REDUCING ANTHRACNOSE SEVERITY because of it.
GOOD NITROGEN FERTILITY can INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES and reduce waste.
[ Sadly, Dr Clarke only provided studies that used soluble sources of NITROGEN. These studies ignored the wide-spread use of slow-release granular sources of NITROGEN. ]
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Soluble Potassium Fertilization
Research in which sources of SOLUBLE NITROGEN, like urea, ammonium sulfate, and POTASSIUM NITRATE, were studied.
POTASSIUM NITRATE was one of the better sources of SOLUBLE NITROGEN for reducing Anthracnose, prompting the question as to whether it was the NITROGEN [ nitrate ] or the POTASSIUM that was so effective.
It was discovered to be the POTASSIUM.
All NITROGEN sources studied reduced Anthracnose, although some were better than others.
The MOST EFFECTIVE, it was discovered, was POTASSIUM NITRATE.
After analyzing all of the data, it is the POTASSIUM which seemed to improve the level of control of Anthracnose.
Soil pH may have had an effect, but it was NOT really pronounced.
Calcium DID NOT seem to have a major effect on Anthracnose.
Although various NITROGEN forms were studied, none seemed to be the effect.
POTASSIUM is known to improve winter hardiness and reduce winter damage.
In trials where AMMONIUM SULFATE had been applied, there was significant winter damage, but there was little where POTASSIUM NITRATE had been applied.
In 2012, several sources of SOLUBLE POTASSIUM were studied, including POTASSIUM NITRATE, POTASSIUM CARBONATE, POTASSIUM SULFATE, and POTASSIUM CHLORIDE.
Each was looked at in 1-to-1, 2-to-1 and 4-to-1 ratios with NITROGEN.
ALL of the POTASSIUM RATIOS triggered BETTER RESULTS than NITROGEN alone or POTASSIUM alone.
In the first year of the study, IT DID NOT MATTER what the source of SOLUBLE POTASSIUM was, or its ratio, only that POTASSIUM was present.
Dr Clarke has said the data suggested that POTASSIUM was just as important, if not more so, than NITROGEN.
According to Dr Clarke ―
So you’re marrying two important nutrients.
When you put the two together, you get the least amount of disease.
The 4-to-1 ratio is essentially what would be regarded as 1-to-1 or 1-to-1⅓ pounds of SOLUBLE POTASSIUM per year applied in small amounts every couple of weeks, or about 16 applications per season.
There was NO real difference between 1⅓ pounds and 5⅓ pounds.
According to Dr Clarke ―
As long as you were applying sufficient quantities of POTASSIUM, the plant had enough and it was REDUCING [ Anthracnose ] DISEASE.
Dr Clarke has stressed that adding POTASSIUM WILL NOT ELIMINATE ANTHRACNOSE, BUT WILL HELP TO REDUCE ITS SEVERITY.
Research is ongoing to study FOLIAR FEEDS OF SOLUBLE POTASSIUM for getting it into the plant quickly.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Sand Topdressing
TOPDRESSING is defined as the application of a thin layer of soil, or a prepared soil mixture, to a turfgrass playing surface such as a putting green.
TOPDRESSING is performed in order to smooth-out and level the playing surface.
TOPDRESSING may also be used to modify the soil root-zone when used in combination with core aeration.
Dr Clarke has said much has been learned about Anthracnose in recent years, including THE NEED TO PRACTICE SAND TOPDRESSING.
It was previously assumed that adding COARSE SAND would contribute to WOUNDING of turf [ and enhance Anthracnose ] because of sand’s abrasive qualities.
According to Dr Clarke ―
[ We thought ] it was like adding fuel to the fire.
We know that SAND TOPDRESSING is important agronomically.
It modifies the thatch, it smooths the surface, it gives crown protection, and we now know it REDUCES ANTHRACNOSE.
But we didn’t know that before we started [ the research ].
When research into TOPDRESSING was initiated, LIGHT rather than HEAVY TOPDRESSING was studied.
Comparisons were made between 1 and 2 cubic feet of sand per 1,000 square feet applied every 7, 14, or 28 days.
Another trial in which NO sand was used was made for comparison’s sake.
It was understood that NO one would ever apply that much sand every 7 days.
According to Dr Clarke ―
You’d need a snow shovel to take it off.
But we wanted every possible combination to see what the effect of sand rate and sand interval of application was.
Results showed that THE MOST Anthracnose was present in plots where NO sand was used.
The LEAST AMOUNT of Anthracnose was present where sand was applied.
The SAND TOPDRESSING study was repeated over a three-year period.
It was also done by two other graduate students who repeated it for an additional two years.
The results were the same in every single year.
Dr Clarke has said this was done to scientifically bust the belief that TOPDRESSING would further an Anthracnose problem.
According to Dr Clarke ―
As you INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF SAND, you get LESS Anthracnose.
It is completely opposite of what everyone thought they knew.
It is the biggest surprise we’ve ever seen.
Once believed to be a wound-related disease, Anthracnose on a putting green subjected to SAND TOPDRESSING would seemingly become worse, but IT DOES NOT.
Sub-angular sand, in fact, provided BETTER SUPPRESSION of Anthracnose than round particles of sand.
It provided better stability and firmed up the putting surface.
Mowers will sink less into a sanded versus non-sanded putting green, allowing for a HIGHER HEIGHT OF CUT.
With SAND TOPDRESSING, the turfgrass crowns will be set deeper and will be less prone to heat and drought stress, making for a more vigorous plant.
With SAND TOPDRESSING, the turfgrass plants will stand more erect and will be better equipped to capture life-sustaining sunlight.
Dr Clarke has said all that is required is to match turf’s growth throughout the summer with small amounts of SAND TOPDRESSING.
According to Dr Clarke ―
Sand is a good thing.
The quicker you can establish a full canopy, the better.
Adding small amounts of SUMMER SAND TOPDRESSING to match the growth of turf is key.
If turf is growing slowly, then add only a small amount of sand.
If turf is growing quickly, more sand can be added.
Dr Clarke also suggested SPRING SAND TOPDRESSING after core aeration, back-filling the holes, and then supplementing light amounts of sand as needed during the summer.
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Anthracnose Diseases ― Dr Bruce B Clarke
Good Cultural And Best Management Practices – Part 2
The Golf Superintendent who optimizes the fertilization and topdressing programs can GREATLY REDUCE Anthracnose, making it easier for fungicides to be more effective.
GOOD CULTURAL AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CAN REDUCE THE FUNGICIDE USE FOR CONTROLLING ANTHRACNOSE BY 75 TO 80 PER CENT.
Putting greens that are maintained too wet will see more Anthracnose.
The trend is to run putting greens dry, but, if they become too dry, Anthracnose can be enhanced.
Putting greens must be dry, but not too dry.
According to Dr Clarke ―
You run them [ the putting greens ] too dry, the plants are always wilting, and it will predispose the plants to [ Anthracnose ] infection.
MECHANICAL INTERVENTIONS, such as VERTI-CUTTING and LIGHT GROOMING, will WOUND the plant, but will NOT increase Anthracnose.
Additionally, Plant Growth Regulators such as Primo began will NOT increase Anthracnose.
There are currently over one dozen Anthracnose Disease Control Products in Canada that will work against Anthracnose.
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Banner MAXX Fungicide
Emulsifiable Concentrate
propiconazole
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
26 to 51 millilitres per 100 square metres
21-day interval
Apply when WARM HUMID WEATHER CONDITIONS OCCUR.
Do not apply more than 3 times a season.
LABEL — BANNER MAXX FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Banner-MAXX-Fungicide-2012-11-30.pdf
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Chipco Aliette Signature Fungicide
fosetyl AL
For the control of Anthracnose Leaf ( Foliar ) Blight AND Anthracnose Basal Rot ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
120 grams per 100 square metres
14-day interval
Apply 2 to 4 applications 14 days apart as a PREVENTIVE treatment in spring or summer to areas with a history.
Begin when CONDITIONS FAVOUR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Should be used with a fertility program that avoids excess, yet provides adequate nitrogen through light, more frequent applications over the entire growing season.
Under extreme prolonged infection pressure, should be used as a part of a season-long spray program with other fungicides.
LABEL — CHIPCO ALIETTE SIGNATURE FUNGICIDE
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Chipco Triton Fungicide
triticonazole
For the control of Anthracnose Disease ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
16 to 32 millilitres per 100 square metres
14 to 21-day interval
Apply at the first signs or when CONDITIONS FAVOUR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Use the higher rate WHEN DISEASE PRESSURE IS HIGH.
Under low disease conditions, the spray interval may be increased up to 21-days.
Do not apply more than 3 times per season.
LABEL — CHIPCO TRITON FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Chipco-Triton-Fungicide-2012-11-02.pdf
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Civitas Turf Defense Ready-2-Mix
mineral oil
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
240 to 460 millilitres per 100 square metres
14-day interval
Apply as required but not less than 14 days between treatments.
LABEL — CIVITAS TURF DEFENSE READY-2-MIX
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Compass 50WG Fungicide
Wettable Granules
trifloxystrobin
For the control of Anthracnose Leaf ( Foliar ) Blight AND Anthracnose Basal Rot ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
3.8 grams per 100 square metres for LEAF ( FOLIAR ) BLIGHT
14-day interval
4.6 grams per 100 square metres for BASAL ROT
14 to 21-day interval
Use shorter spray interval under high disease pressure.
Apply when CONDITIONS ARE FAVOURABLE FOR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Rotate with different mode-of-action fungicides.
Do not use more than 2 sequential applications.
Do not apply more than 2.4 kilograms per hectare per year.
LABEL — COMPASS 50WG FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Compass-50WG-Fungicide-2009-03-20.pdf
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Daconil Ultrex Fungicide
Water Dispersible Granules
chlorothalonil
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
103 to 115 millilitres per 100 square metres
7 to 10-day interval
Apply when CONDITIONS FAVOUR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT, but before symptoms develop, and repeat applications as long as conditions persist.
LABEL — DACONIL ULTREX FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Daconil-Ultrex-Fungicide-2008-02-01.pdf
Also …
LABEL — DACONIL 2787 FLOWABLE FUNGICIDE
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Heritage MAXX Fungicide
Emulsifiable Concentrate
azoxystrobin
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
32 to 63 millilitres per 100 square metres
14 to 28-day interval
Begin applications WHEN CONDITIONS FAVOUR INFECTION, and before symptoms develop.
LABEL — HERITAGE MAXX FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Heritage-MAXX-Fungicide-2008-08-22.pdf
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Insignia EG Fungicide
Wettable Granules
pyraclostrobin
For the control of Anthracnose Basal Rot ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
15.4 to 28 grams per 100 square metres
14 to 28-day interval
Apply when CONDITIONS ARE FAVOURABLE FOR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
LABEL — INSIGNIA EG FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Insignia-EG-Fungicide-2014-01-27.pdf
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Premis 200 F Fungicide
Flowable Suspension
triticonazole
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
16 to 32 millilitres per 100 square metres
14 to 21-day interval
Apply at the first signs or WHEN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ( cool and wet conditions or hot and humid conditions ) FAVOUR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Use the higher rate and shorter interval when pressure is high.
Under low disease conditions, the spray interval may be increased up to 21 days.
Do not apply more than 3 times a season.
LABEL — PREMIS 200 F FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Premis-200-F-Fungicide-2009-06-01.pdf
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Quali-Pro Propiconazole 14.3 ME Turf Fungicide
Micro-Emulsion
propiconazole
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
26 to 51 millilitres per 100 square metres
21-day interval
Apply when CONDITIONS FAVOUR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Do not apply more than 3 times a season.
LABEL — QUALI-PRO PROPICONAZOLE 14.3 ME TURF FUNGICIDE
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Regalia Maxx Biofungicide Liquid Concentrate
Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis
For the control of Anthracnose Leaf ( Foliar ) Blight ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
0.25% v/v in 10 to 15 litres of water per 100 square metres
7 to 10-day interval
Apply ON A PREVENTATIVE BASIS or when DISEASE SYMPTOMS FIRST APPEAR.
When environmental conditions and plant stage are conducive to rapid disease development, use Regalia Maxx in a rotational program with other registered fungicides.
LABEL — REGALIA MAXX BIOFUNGICIDE LIQUID CONCENTRATE
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Rhapsody ASO Biofungicide
Aqueous Suspension Organic
QST 713 strain of dried Bacillus subtilis
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
125 to 250 millilitres per 100 square metres
7 to 10-day interval
Begin when CONDITIONS FAVOUR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Continue applications as needed on 7 to 10-day intervals.
Apply in enough water to provide thorough coverage.
Under moderate-to-severe disease pressure, use higher rates and minimum spray intervals, and use in a program with other registered fungicides.
LABEL — RHAPSODY ASO BIOFUNGICIDE
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Tourney Fungicide
Water Dispersible Granules
metconazole
For the control of Anthracnose Leaf ( Foliar ) Blight AND Anthracnose Basal Rot ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
8.4 grams per 100 square metres
One application per season
Use ON A PREVENTATIVE BASIS when CONDITIONS FAVOUR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Apply in 8 litres of water per 100 square metres for LEAF ( FOLIAR ) BLIGHT.
Apply 8 to 16 litres of water per 100 square metres for BASAL ROT.
LABEL — TOURNEY FUNGICIDE
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Trilogy SC Fungicide
Soluble Pack
iprodione, triticonazole, & trifloxystrobin
For the control of Anthracnose Basal Rot ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
65 millilitres per 100 square metres
14-day interval
Apply at the first sign of Anthracnose break-out or apply ON A PREVENTATIVE BASIS when stressful environmental conditions ( cool and wet conditions or hot and humid conditions ) favour Anthracnose development.
Maximum of 2 applications during ANTHRACNOSE BASAL ROT infection period.
Every application must be alternated with at least one application of a non-strobilurin fungicide.
LABEL — TRILOGY SC FUNGICIDE
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Label-Trilogy-SC-Fungicide-2013-03-14.pdf
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
Velista Fungicide
Wettable Granules
penthiopyrad
For the control of Anthracnose Leaf ( Foliar ) Blight ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
9 to 15 grams per 100 square metres
14-day interval
Begin application AT THE EARLY STAGE OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT.
Use high rates for high disease pressure.
May be applied as a tank-mix with other fungicides registered for the same disease such as Daconil Ultrex and Heritage fungicides.
LABEL — VELISTA FUNGICIDE
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Anthracnose Disease Control Product
ZeroTol
hydrogen peroxide
For the control of Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum graminicola )
190 millilitres in 11 to 19 litres water per 100 square metres
7-day interval
Spray diluted solution to achieve full and even coverage.
Up to 5 consecutive applications may be used with a minimum 7-day spray interval between applications.
LABEL — ZEROTOL
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Background Information
For The Whole Truth About ANTHRACNOSE, Please Read The Following A LOOK AT REPORTS …
ANTHRACNOSE — BASAL ROT IN CREEPING BENTGRASS — KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reports )
https://pesticidetruths.com/2013/09/05/anthracnose-basal-rot-in-creeping-bentgrass-2013-08-16/
ANTHRACNOSE — CLARKE & MURPHY — RUTGERS UNIVERSITY ( Report )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT — DESCRIPTION & IDENTIFICATION ( Report )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT — CONDITIONS FAVOURING DEVELOPMENT ( Report )
ANTHRACNOSE — ALIETTE & BANNER ( Report )
O.J. Company
Technical Information ― Anthracnose
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 1 ( OJ Technical Information )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 2 ( OJ Technical Information )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 3 ( OJ Technical Information )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 4 ( OJ Technical Information )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 5 ( OJ Technical Information )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 6 ( OJ Technical Information )
ANTHRACNOSE — LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 7 ( OJ Technical Information )
O.J. Compagnie
Renseignements Techniques ― Anthracnose
ANTHRACNOSE — LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 1 ( OJ Renseignements Techniques )
ANTHRACNOSE — LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 2 ( OJ Renseignements Techniques )
ANTHRACNOSE — LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 3 ( OJ Renseignements Techniques )
ANTHRACNOSE — LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 4 ( OJ Renseignements Techniques )
ANTHRACNOSE — LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 5 ( OJ Renseignements Techniques )
ANTHRACNOSE — LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 6 ( OJ Renseignements Techniques )
ANTHRACNOSE — LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 7 ( OJ Renseignements Techniques )
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Background Information
For The Whole Truth About ANTHRACNOSE, Please Read The Following REFERENCES …
ANTHRACNOSE — PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES — UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — BASAL ROT IN CREEPING BENTGRASS — KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — BIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY — CROUCH & CLARKE — USGA ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — TURFGRASS DISEASE FACT SHEET — CORNELL UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — MOWING-ROLLING ON ANNUAL BLUEGRASS GREENS — INGUAGIATO, MURPHY & CLARKE ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — NITROGEN & BASAL ROT ON GREENS — UDDIN, SOIKA & LIVINGSTON ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — MAJOR CHEMICAL GROUPS OF TURFGRASS FUNGICIDES — UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — HOW TO USE TURFGRASS FUNGICIDES — AGRICULTURE CANADA — FRENCH VERSION ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — EFFECTS OF NITROGEN & MOWING ON BASAL ROT — WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES — CLEARY 3336 — USA ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — BENTGRASS & ANNUAL BLUEGRASS — KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY
ANTHRACNOSE — CLARKE TALKS ANTHRACNOSE, UNCUT ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — BENTGRASS & ANNUAL BLUEGRASS PUTTING GREENS — CLARKE & MURPHY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — TECH NOTE — GREEN CAST ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — FUNGICIDES & FERTILIZERS USED FOR DISEASE CONTROL ( Slide Presentation )
ANTHRACNOSE — PROCEEDINGS OF SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL RUTGERS TURFGRASS SYMPOSIUM ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — THE DIRTY HALF-DOZEN ( CREEPING BENTGRASS DISEASES ) — DERNOEDEN ( Reference )
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Reference-Anthracnose-2008-00-00-The-Dirty-Half-Dozen-Creeping-Bentgrass-Diseases-Dernoeden.pdf
ANTHRACNOSE — FOLIAR BLIGHT & BASAL ROT — PENN STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — COMMONLY-USED FUNGICIDES & DISEASES LABELED TO CONTROL — UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — COMMENTS ON MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — VARIETY SELECTION — URI FACT SHEET VOL 3 NO 3 — UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — TURFGRASS FUNGICIDES — ACROPETAL PENETRANTS — WIKIPEDIA ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — PROCEEDINGS OF SIXTEENTH ANNUAL RUTGERS TURFGRASS SYMPOSIUM ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — CREEPING BENTGRASS VARIETIES — NATIONAL BENTGRASS ( PUTTING GREEN ) — NTEP ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — CREEPING BENTGRASS VARIETIES — NATIONAL BENTGRASS ( FAIRWAY & TEE ) — NTEP ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — TURFGRASS DISEASE PROFILE — PURDUE UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — TERM DESCRIPTION — TURFGRASS INFORMATION FILE — BEARD ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — KENTUCKY STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — 2004 – 2007 — CREEPING BENTGRASS VARIETIES — NATIONAL BENTGRASS ( PUTTING GREEN ) — NTEP ( Reference )
https://pesticidetruths.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Reference-Anthracnose-2004-2007-Creeping-Bent-Varieties-National-Bentgrass-Putting-Green-NTEP.pdf
ANTHRACNOSE — 2004 – 2007 — CREEPING BENTGRASS VARIETIES — NATIONAL BENTGRASS ( FAIRWAY & TEE ) — NTEP ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — MANAGEMENT PRACTICES & ABIOTIC STRESS ON GOLF COURSE — CLARKE & MURPHY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — 2003 ( 2007 ) — CREEPING BENTGRASS VARIETIES — NATIONAL BENTGRASS ( PUTTING GREEN ) — NTEP ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — 2003 ( 2007 ) — CREEPING BENTGRASS VARIETIES — NATIONAL BENTGRASS ( FAIRWAY & TEE ) — NTEP ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — CHEMICAL CONTROL — SYNGENTA ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — TURF DISEASE DETAIL — NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES — THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reference )
ANTHRACNOSE — SERIOUS DISEASE PROBLEM — ALEXANDER — USGA ( Reference )
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Take A LOOK AT Career Management, Golf Course Maintenance, Green Alternatives, Lawn Care Maintenance, Summer Stress, Tree & Shrub Maintenance, Turfgrass Pests, and Turfgrass Species
To take A LOOK AT these issues, you need facts !
Read … PESTICIDE TRUTHS
Watch … UNCLE ADOLPH
Listen To … NORAHG
Learn From … FORCE OF NATURE
NORAHG is National Organization Responding Against HUJE that seek to harm the Green space and other industries.
NORAHG is a NATIONAL NON PROFIT NON PARTISAN organization dedicated to reporting the work of RESPECTED and HIGHLY RATED EXPERTS who promote PESTICIDE REALISM and PESTICIDE TRUTHS.
NORAHG produces A LOOK AT, a series of reports providing TECHNICAL INFORMATION on issues such as Career Management, Golf Course Maintenance, Green Alternatives, Lawn Care Maintenance, Summer Stress, Tree & Shrub Maintenance, Turfgrass Pests, and Turfgrass Species.
A LOOK AT is destined for the green space industry, nation wide across Canada, the United States, and overseas.
A LOOK AT is committed to SOUND SCIENCE, as well as ground breaking original reporting that informs, entertains, and creates real change.
All information, excerpts, and pictures contained in A LOOK AT were retrieved from the Internet, and may be considered in the public domain.
The information presented in A LOOK AT is for preliminary planning only.
Before making a final decision, the turf manager is expected to obtain trusted expert advice from extension specialists, local distributors and/or agronomists.
All decisions must take into account the prevailing growing conditions, the time of year, and the established management practices.
All products mentioned in A LOOK AT should be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions, and according to provincial, state, or federal law.
For the official advantages, benefits, features, precautions, and restrictions concerning any product, the turf manager must rely only on the information furnished by the manufacturer.
The mention of trade names does not constitute a guarantee or a warranty.
NORAHG also produces FORCE OF NATURE, reports that present THE WHOLE TRUTH FROM AN INDEPENDENT PERSPECTIVE about environmental issues, including anti pesticide terrorism.
A LOOK AT, FORCE OF NATURE, and their various incarnations, was the brainchild of William H Gathercole (now retired) and his colleagues.
Here is a brief summary of Mr Gathercole’s career ―
Fields of study ― Horticulture/Agriculture, Mathematics, Physics
Alma mater ― McGill University • University of Guelph • the first person ever to obtain university degrees and contribute to both the professional lawn care and golf maintenance industries
Expertise in ― turf and ornamental maintenance and troubleshooting • history of the industry • sales and distribution of seeds, chemicals, fertilizers, and equipment • fertilizer manufacturing and distribution • environmental issues and anti pesticide terrorism
Notable activities ― worked in virtually all aspects of the green space industry, including golf, professional lawn care, tree & shrub care, distribution, environmental compliance, government negotiations, public affairs, and workplace safety • supervisor, consultant, and, programmer for the successful execution of hundreds of thousands of management operations in the golf and urban landscape, as well as millions of pest control applications • advisor, instructor, and trainer for thousands of turf and ornamental managers and technicians • pesticide certification instructor for thousands of industry workers • founder of the modern professional lawn care industry • prolific writer for industry publications and e-newsletters • first to confirm the invasion of European Chafer insect in both the Montreal region and the Vancouver / Fraser Valley region • with Dr Peter Dernoeden, confirmed the presence of Take All Patch as a disease of turf in Eastern Canada • with Dr David Shetlar, confirmed the presence of Kentucky Bluegrass Scale as an insect pest in South Western Ontario, and later, in the Montreal and Vancouver regions
Special contributions ― creator of the exception status that has allowed the golf industry to avoid being subjected to anti pesticide prohibition • creator of the signs that are now used for posting after application • co-founder of annual winter convention for Quebec golf course superintendents • the major influence in the decision by Canadian Cancer Society to stop selling for profit pesticide treated daffodils • the only true reliable witness of the events of anti pesticide prohibition in the town of Hudson, Quebec • retired founder of A LOOK AT and FORCE OF NATURE reports
Notable award ― the very first man of the year for contributions leading to the successful founding of Quebec professional lawn care industry, which served as a beach-head against anti pesticide activists in the 1980s and 1990s
Legacy ― Mr Gathercole and his colleagues … designed and implemented strategies that reined anti pesticide activists to provide peace and prosperity for the entire modern green space industry across Canada • orchestrated legal action against anti pesticide activists in the town of Hudson, Quebec • launched the largest founding professional lawn care business in Canada • quadrupled the business revenues of one of the largest suppliers in Canada
Mr Gathercole is now retired, although his name continues to appear as founder of A LOOK AT and FORCE OF NATURE reports.
For The Complete Library of reports from A LOOK AT, FORCE OF NATURE, NORAHG, PESTICIDE TRUTHS, and UNCLE ADOLPH, go to the following archives …
ABOUT UNCLE ADOLPH
https://pesticidetruths.com/about-2/
FORCE OF NATURE WEB-PAGES
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/
NORAHG ⁄ FON ON FACEBOOK ― NORAHG RESPONSES
https://www.facebook.com/norah.gfon
PESTICIDE LINKS ― PESTICIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERED BY HEALTH CANADA
https://pesticidetruths.com/pesticide-qa-links/
TABLE OF CONTENTS ― THE COMPLETE LIBRARY OF WEB-PAGES, REPORTS, & REFERENCES
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/table-of-contents/
THE PESTICIDE TRUTHS WEB-SITE ― ARCHIVE OF REPORTS
UNCLE ADOLPH’S ORIGINAL PESTICIDE TRUTHS BLOG
http://www.uncleadolph.blogspot.ca/
UNCLE ADOLPH ON SCRIBD ― OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
http://www.scribd.com/uncleadolph
UNCLE ADOLPH ON YOUTUBE ― VIDEO LIBRARY
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVWnwRmNln9JACP3Ap3GF5g
This is what we do. Don’t thank us. It’s a public service. And we are glad to do it.
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