Anthracnose
Basal Rot In
Creeping Bentgrass
August 16th, 2013
Megan Kennelly & Jared Hoyle
Kansas State University Plant Pathology
Selected And Adapted Excerpts
Anthracnose Basal Rot In Creeping Bentgrass
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Anthracnose Basal Rot In Creeping Bentgrass
Summary
The DARK SPINY SETAE of the turfgrass Anthracnose pathogen are large enough to see with a hand lens out in the field, if you know what to look for.
Anthracnose COMES IN WHEN TURF IS STRESSED from a number of factors, including low mowing height, low nitrogen, poor rooting, etc …
Anthracnose-stricken turf may also suffer from some physiological root decline from an excessive amount of recent precipitation.
High organic matter in the root-zone can hold onto water, which then holds onto heat.
The root decline alone is enough to cause turf damage, and then the Anthracnose activity may COMPOUND THE PROBLEM.
CULTURAL PRACTICES AND STRESS ALLEVIATION ARE KEY FOUNDATIONS to Anthracnose management.
It’s HARD TO GET GOOD CURATIVE CONTROL once the disease is well established.
Anthracnose can be tricky to diagnose in the field because the field symptoms can RESEMBLE GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL DECLINE, ROOT ROT SYMPTOMS, or other factors.
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Anthracnose Of
Bentgrass And
Annual Bluegrass
Putting Greens
July 2008
Megan Kennelly, Plant Pathologist
Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
Selected And Adapted Excerpts
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Anthracnose Of Bentgrass & Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens
Introduction
Annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass putting greens are susceptible to turfgrass Anthracnose, a disease caused by the fungus know by the Latin name Colletotrichum cereale ( formerly called Colletotrichum graminicola ).
This fungus is sometimes FOUND ON DYING LEAVES of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue DURING PERIODS OF HEAT OR MOISTURE STRESS, but is not considered a serious problem on these turfgrass species.
Symptoms Anthracnose may occur throughout the growing season, but is MOST COMMON in the heat of summer.
From a distance, affected the affected turf APPEARS UNHEALTHY and HAS A YELLOW OR BRONZE CAST.
The turf WILTS RAPIDLY DURING MID-DAY and REQUIRES FREQUENT IRRIGATION.
Anthracnose is WORSE ON ANNUAL BLUEGRASS THAN BENTGRASS.
DISTINCT LEAF SPOTS ARE NOT FORMED.
Instead, individual leaf blades fade from dark to light green and then yellow.
The youngest leaf is the last to change color.
The fungus produces BLACK STRUCTURES ( called ACERVULI ) with spiny hairs ( called SETAE ) on leaves and crowns that are easily visible with a 10X hand lens.
ACERVULI can be found on NATURALLY SENESCING TISSUE ( i.e. dying and old ), where Anthracnose is a SECONDARY PATHOGEN.
Visible ACERVULI ON GREEN TISSUE strongly indicate that Anthracnose is THE PRIMARY PATHOGEN.
BASAL CROWN ROT occurs when the Anthracnose fungus infects the crown.
Plants WITH BASAL CROWN ROT are KILLED, resulting in a thinning of the turfgrass.
ACERVULI are visible with a hand lens.
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Anthracnose Of Bentgrass & Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens
Nutrition
DO NOT STARVE THE TURF during the summer months.
LIGHT FREQUENT FERTILIZATIONS may help the turf withstand stresses and recover quickly from Anthracnose damage.
For example, in recent studies at Rutgers University, MAINTAINING NITROGEN AT 3.0 POUNDS PER 1,000 SQUARE FEET PER YEAR was key to Anthracnose management.
During summer months, WEEKLY APPLICATIONS of nitrogen at 0.1 pounds per 1,000 square feet REDUCED disease by 25 to 73 per cent compared to the same amount applied monthly.
A good strategy is to apply about 0.5 POUNDS NITROGEN PER 1,000 SQUARE FEET PER MONTH divided into weekly or bi-weekly applications.
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Anthracnose Of Bentgrass & Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens
Control
Anthracnose is DIFFICULT TO CONTROL AFTER SYMPTOMS APPEAR.
The best strategy is to prevent Anthracnose by ALLEVIATING THE UNDERLYING STRESSES that trigger disease development.
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Anthracnose Of Bentgrass & Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens
Mowing
LOW MOWING HEIGHTS can INCREASE Anthracnose development.
At heights at or below 1/8-INCH OR 0.125-INCH, it is EXTREMELY DIFFICULT, or even IMPOSSIBLE, TO PREVENT Anthracnose with fungicides.
Recent studies at Rutgers University, indicate that RAISING THE MOWING HEIGHT SLIGHTLY ( as little as 0.015-inch ) can DECREASE Anthracnose severity.
In those same studies, contrary to expectations, INCREASING THE FREQUENCY OF MOWING ( i.e. double-cutting ) DID NOT INCREASE the Anthracnose severity.
USE WALK-BEHIND MOWERS on greens with a history of the disease.
Also MOW THE PERIMETER OF THE GREEN ( the so-called clean-up lap ) EVERY OTHER DAY to prevent compaction.
If Anthracnose is present, DO NOT MOW WHEN THE GREENS ARE WET.
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Anthracnose Of Bentgrass & Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens
Other Cultural Practices
Anthracnose tends to be MORE SEVERE on putting greens with POOR AIR MOVEMENT and POOR DRAINAGE.
DON’T OVERWATER putting greens.
Excessive soil moisture may damage roots and decrease photo-synthesis.
This puts the grass into a highly vulnerable state and predisposes it to Anthracnose injury.
On putting greens with a history of Anthracnose, consider a RIGOROUS AERIFICATION PROGRAM in fall and spring.
Deep tine or core aerify in the fall.
Compacted putting greens may be periodically aerated by spiking, slitting, or hydro-jecting.
It has been ASSUMED that TOP-DRESSING INCREASES Anthracnose by introducing wounds.
However, in recent trials at Rutgers University, LIGHT FREQUENT TOP-DRESSING INCREASED ANTHRACNOSE TEMPORARILY BUT ACTUALLY REDUCED IT OVERALL LATER IN THE SUMMER.
Those trials are ongoing and more definitive results will be reported in the coming 1 to 2 years.
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Anthracnose Of Bentgrass & Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens
Fungicides
Several fungicides are labeled for Anthracnose control. All products work best when applied on a preventive or early curative schedule.
Once Anthracnose is SEVERE, FUNGICIDES ARE NOT VERY EFFECTIVE.
Furthermore, SOME STRAINS of the Anthracnose pathogen MAY BE RESISTANT TO CERTAIN FUNGICIDES.
Follow label instructions about resistance management.
Rotate to different chemistries ( different mode of action ), and CONSIDER TANK-MIXES WITH A CONTACT FUNGICIDE.
PREVENTIVE APPLICATIONS of reduced rate tank mixes of A DMI FUNGICIDE AND CHLOROTHALONIL AT 2-WEEK INTERVALS have provided GOOD CONTROL of Anthracnose in some studies.
Remember that high rates of DMI fungicides on putting greens can cause undesired growth-regulator effects especially in summer.
During an Anthracnose outbreak, AVOID EXCESSIVE RESCUE APPLICATIONS.
Superintendents may try multiple products at frequent intervals in the hopes of reversing damage from Anthracnose.
In most cases, these attempts FAIL.
Anthracnose is ALMOST ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH AN UNDERLYING ENVIRONMENTAL OR MANAGEMENT-BASED STRESS.
The MOST RAPID IMPROVEMENT FROM ANTHRACNOSE DAMAGE occurs following significant ( cooler ) weather changes and less stressful management practices.
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Take A LOOK AT Career Management, Golf Course Maintenance, Green Alternatives, Lawn Care Maintenance, Summer Stress, Tree & Shrub Maintenance, Turfgrass Pests, and Turfgrass Species
Read … A LOOK AT Reports, as well as reports from FORCE OF NATURE, and PESTICIDE TRUTHS ― The Whole Truth From An Independent Perspective.
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A LOOK AT … SLIDE SHOWS – TURF, ORNAMENTALS, MAINTENANCE, & ENVIRONMENT
A LOOK AT … REFERENCES & SLIDE SHOWS – TURF, ORNAMENTALS, MAINTENANCE, & ENVIRONMENT ( Web-Page )
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See also …
THE WISDOM OF DRYSDALE, ART C. – RE-DIRECT LINKS TO REPORTS AND AUDIO RECORDINGS ( Web-Page )
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Before making a final decision, the turf manager is expected to obtain trusted expert advice from extension specialists, local distributors and/or agronomists.
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Expertise in ― environmental issues and anti pesticide terrorism • turf and ornamental maintenance and troubleshooting • history of the industry • sales and distribution of seeds, chemicals, fertilizers, and equipment • fertilizer manufacturing and distribution
Notable activities ― worked in virtually all aspects of the green space industry, including golf, professional lawn care, tree & shrub care, distribution, environmental compliance, government negotiations, public affairs, and workplace safety • supervisor, consultant, and, programmer for the successful execution of hundreds of thousands of management operations in the golf and urban landscape, as well as millions of pest control applications • advisor, instructor, and trainer for thousands of turf and ornamental managers and technicians • pesticide certification instructor for thousands of industry workers • founder of the modern professional lawn care industry • prolific writer for industry publications and e-newsletters • first to confirm the invasion of European Chafer insect in both the Montreal region and the Vancouver / Fraser Valley region • with Dr. Peter Dernoeden, confirmed the presence of Take All Patch as a disease of turf in Eastern Canada • with Dr. David Shetlar, confirmed the presence of Kentucky Bluegrass Scale as an insect pest in South Western Ontario, and later, in the Montreal and Vancouver regions
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Legacy ― Mr. Gathercole and his colleagues … designed and implemented strategies that reined anti pesticide activists to provide peace and prosperity for the entire modern green space industry across Canada • orchestrated legal action against anti pesticide activists in the town of Hudson, Quebec • launched the largest founding professional lawn care business in Canada • quadrupled the business revenues of one of the largest suppliers in Canada
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For the original copy of this Force Of Nature Report, go to the following link …
FORCE OF NATURE — A LOOK AT — TURF DISEASE — ANTHRACNOSE — 2013 08 16 — BASAL ROT IN CREEPING BENTGRASS — KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY ( Reports )
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Here are previous reports about ANTHRACNOSE, just in case you missed them …
A LOOK AT Reports ― Turf Disease ― Anthracnose
FORCE OF NATURE — A LOOK AT — TURF DISEASE — ANTHRACNOSE — 2010 05 30 — LEAF BLIGHT — DESCRIPTION & IDENTIFICATION
FORCE OF NATURE — A LOOK AT — TURF DISEASE — ANTHRACNOSE — 2010 06 26 — LEAF BLIGHT — CONDITIONS FAVOURING DEVELOPMENT
FORCE OF NATURE — A LOOK AT — TURF DISEASE — ANTHRACNOSE — 2010 07 04 — LEAF BLIGHT — CONTROL — ALIETTE & BANNER
FORCE OF NATURE — A LOOK AT — TURF DISEASE — ANTHRACNOSE — 2011 07 08 — CLARKE & MURPHY — RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
O.J. Company ― Technical Information ― Anthracnose
TECHNICAL INFORMATION — ANTHRACNOSE LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 1 — 2009 05 31
TECHNICAL INFORMATION — ANTHRACNOSE LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 2 — 2009 06 10
TECHNICAL INFORMATION — ANTHRACNOSE LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 3 — 2009 06 14
TECHNICAL INFORMATION — ANTHRACNOSE LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 4 — 2009 06 14
TECHNICAL INFORMATION — ANTHRACNOSE LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 5 — 2009 06 14
TECHNICAL INFORMATION — ANTHRACNOSE LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 6 — 2009 06 27
TECHNICAL INFORMATION — ANTHRACNOSE LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE — PART 7 — 2009 06 25
O.J. Compagnie ― Renseignements Techniques ― Anthracnose
RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES — ANTHRACNOSE, LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 1 — 2009 05 31
RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES — ANTHRACNOSE, LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 2 — 2009 06 10
RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES — ANTHRACNOSE, LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 3 — 2009 06 14
RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES — ANTHRACNOSE, LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 4 — 2009 06 14
RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES — ANTHRACNOSE, LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 5 — 2009 06 14
RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES — ANTHRACNOSE, LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 6 — 2009 06 27
RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES — ANTHRACNOSE, LA BRÛLURE DE LA FEUILLE — PARTIE 7 — 2009 07 02
Slide Show Presentations ― Diseases
DISEASES — BIOLOGY & MANAGEMENT OF PATCH DISEASES — CLARKE ( Slide Show )
DISEASES — MANAGING PINK SNOW MOLD DISEASE ON GOLF COURSES — CLARKE — 2012 00 00 ( Slide Show )
DISEASES — PYTHIUM ROOT ROT & PYTHIUM ROOT DYSFUNCTION — BURPEE ( Slide Show )
DISEASES — TURF DISEASE TRENDS IN CALIFORNIA & WESTERN U.S. — 2009 00 00 ( Slide Show )
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Background Information From An Independent Perspective
More information on The Pesticide Truths Web-Site …
THE PESTICIDE TRUTHS WEB-SITE – ARCHIVE OF REPORTS ( Home Page )
PESTICIDE BANS ARE A FARCE ( Report )
BEE-KEEPERS ARE KILLING BEES, AND NOT INSECTICIDES
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/bee-colony-collapse-disorder/
REAL TRENDS AGAINST PESTICIDE BANS ( Web-Page )
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/victories-against-terrorists/
CARNAGE CREATED BY CATASTROPHIC ANTI-PESTICIDE PROHIBITION – MAIN WEB-PAGE
THE EXORBITANT COST OF PESTICIDE BANS ( Report )
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/carnage-leading-to-stunningly-exhorbitant-costs/
ATTACKS AGAINST GOLF FACILITIES ( Report )
MYTHS ABOUT BANNING PESTICIDES – LEADING SCIENTIFIC HEALTH AND POLICY EXPERTS ( White Paper )
2,4-D HERBICIDE ( Web-Page )
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/24-d/
COMPLAINT CHANNELS – COMPLAIN ABOUT THE ANTI-PESTICIDE LUNATICS ( Web-Page )
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/complaint-channels/
PESTICIDE LINKS ( Web-Page )
https://pesticidetruths.com/pesticide-qa-links/
THE COMPLETE LIBRARY OF REPORTS & REFERENCES ( Web-Page )
https://pesticidetruths.com/toc/table-of-contents/
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